Follow-upAll reported follow-ups
ProceduresSMILE
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No age, sphere or cylinder filter was applied. Results use only the selected procedure, machine, publication-place and follow-up filters.

15 relevant study cohorts

9,017 observed eyes across matching follow-ups

Compare results

Percentages are results a study reported for its own patients, not a prediction for you. Where a study measured an outcome more than once, the latest matching follow-up is shown. “Not reported” means the study did not publish that number; it does not mean zero.

What do these outcomes mean?Hide what these outcomes mean
20/20 vision or better without glasses

Share of checked eyes that could see 20/20 or better without glasses or contact lenses after treatment.

Within half a diopter of the target

Share of checked eyes that landed within half a diopter of the correction the study aimed for.

Within one diopter of the target

Share of checked eyes that landed within one diopter of the correction the study aimed for.

Dry eye reported

Share meeting that study’s definition of dry eye; questionnaires, tests and thresholds can differ.

Halos reported

Share reporting rings around lights under the questions and symptom threshold used by that study.

Glare reported

Share reporting uncomfortable or scattered brightness under the questions and threshold used by that study.

Starbursts reported

Share reporting rays or streaks around lights under the questions and threshold used by that study.

Corneal haze reported

Share of checked eyes with postoperative corneal haze under the grading threshold and observation window used by that study. Transient and persistent haze are not interchangeable.

Infectious keratitis reported

Share of treated eyes diagnosed with infectious keratitis during the study’s observation window. Case definitions and follow-up duration may differ.

Endophthalmitis reported

Share of treated eyes diagnosed with postoperative endophthalmitis during the study’s observation window. Exact event counts and follow-up are essential for this rare serious event.

Corneal ectasia reported

Share diagnosed with post-surgery corneal weakening during the period that study observed its patients.

Normal OSDI result

Share whose dry-eye questionnaire score fell within the range that study defined as normal; this is not automatically the inverse of a dry-eye diagnosis rate.

Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)

A questionnaire score about dry-eye symptoms and their effect on daily life; lower scores generally mean fewer symptoms.

Tear-breakup time

Seconds before the tear film starts to break apart after a blink; longer times generally indicate a more stable tear film.

Schirmer test

Millimetres of wetting on a paper strip used to assess tear production; testing protocols can differ between studies.

Dry-eye questionnaire score

A patient-reported dry-eye symptom score using the questionnaire selected by that study; scales are not interchangeable.

Eyes
6,619
Follow-up
At least 12 months
Location
Nethradhama Super Speciality Eye Hospital, Bengaluru · India

How well people saw afterwards

20/20 vision or better without glassesNot reported
Within half a diopter of the targetNot reported
Within one diopter of the targetNot reported

Side effects and related measurements

Corneal ectasia reported0.15%
10 of 6,619 eyes
Reported at/by At least 12 months
Source · Abstract

Not reported: dry eye, halos, glare, starbursts, keratitis.

Who the study enrolled: Eyes undergoing standard SMILE with a minimum follow-up of 12 months.
Read the publication
Eyes
730
Follow-up
1 month
Location
Not reported

How well people saw afterwards

20/20 vision or better without glassesNot reported
Within half a diopter of the targetNot reported
Within one diopter of the targetNot reported

Side effects and related measurements

Not reported: dry eye, halos, glare, starbursts, keratitis, ectasia.

Who the study enrolled: Comparative adult studies reporting refractive or visual outcomes after KLEx and KLEx-CXL with at least six months of follow-up.
Read the publication
Eyes
616
Follow-up
5 years
Location
Argentan · CHR Argentan · Fleury-sur-Orne · France

How well people saw afterwards

20/20 vision or better without glassesNot reported
Within half a diopter of the target92.0%
Denominator not reported · at 5 years · source-reported · Source · Abstract — Results
Within one diopter of the targetNot reported

Side effects and related measurements

Not reported: dry eye, halos, glare, starbursts, keratitis, ectasia.

Who the study enrolled: Myopic and astigmatic patients with source-reported spherical equivalent range of 1 to 11 D of myopia.
Read the publication
Eyes
577
Follow-up
12 months
Location
United States

How well people saw afterwards

20/20 vision or better without glasses81.0%
440 eyes assessed · at 12 months · source-reported · Source
Within half a diopter of the target85.0%
440 eyes assessed · at 12 months · source-reported · Source
Within one diopter of the target97.0%
440 eyes assessed · at 12 months · source-reported · Source

Side effects and related measurements

Not reported: dry eye, halos, glare, starbursts, keratitis, ectasia.

Who the study enrolled: Myopia from -1.00 to -9.25 D, cylinder up to 3.00 D, and preoperative CDVA 20/20 or better.
Read the publication
Eyes
473
Follow-up
6 months
Location
Multicountry

How well people saw afterwards

20/20 vision or better without glasses93.2%
473 eyes assessed · at 6 months · source-reported · Source
Within half a diopter of the target95.1%
473 eyes assessed · at 6 months · source-reported · Source
Within one diopter of the target99.6%
473 eyes assessed · at 6 months · source-reported · Source

Side effects and related measurements

Not reported: dry eye, halos, glare, starbursts, keratitis, ectasia.

Eyes
416
Follow-up
3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 18 months
Location
Taipei · Taoyuan · Nobel Eye Institute · Shuang Ho Hospital · Chang Gung Memorial Hospital · Taiwan

How well people saw afterwards

20/20 vision or better without glassesNot reported
Within half a diopter of the targetNot reported
Within one diopter of the targetNot reported

Side effects and related measurements

Not reported: dry eye, halos, glare, starbursts, keratitis, ectasia.

Who the study enrolled: Matched patients undergoing SMILE for myopia correction.
Read the publication
Eyes
336
Follow-up
6 months, 12 months
Location
United States

How well people saw afterwards

20/20 vision or better without glasses88.1%
273 of 310 eyes · at 12 months · source-reported · Source · 23
Within half a diopter of the target93.9%
291 of 310 eyes · at 12 months · source-reported · Source · 23
Within one diopter of the target98.7%
306 of 310 eyes · at 12 months · source-reported · Source · 24

Side effects and related measurements

Not reported: dry eye, halos, glare, starbursts, keratitis, ectasia.

Who the study enrolled: Age at least 22 years; spherical myopia from -1.00 D to -10.00 D; cylinder no more than -0.50 D; MRSE no more than -10.25 D; stable refraction; central corneal thickness at least 500 microns.
Read the publication
Eyes
227
Follow-up
1 year
Location
Onnuri Smile Eye Clinic, Seoul · Onnuri Eye Hospital, Jeonju · South Korea

How well people saw afterwards

20/20 vision or better without glassesNot reported
Within half a diopter of the targetNot reported
Within one diopter of the targetNot reported

Side effects and related measurements

Halos reported48.9%
227 patients assessed
Reported at/by 1 year
Source · Abstract; Figure 1
Glare reported50.2%
227 patients assessed
Reported at/by 1 year
Source · Abstract; Figure 1

Not reported: dry eye, starbursts, keratitis, ectasia.

Who the study enrolled: Myopia from -0.5 to -7.0 D, central corneal thickness greater than 480 μm, calculated postoperative residual bed thickness greater than 300 μm, age at least 19 years, CDVA 20/30 or better, astigmatism up to -3.5 D, and stable refraction for more than 2 years.
Read the publication
Eyes
202
Follow-up
1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months
Location
Command Hospital (Eastern Command) · Army Hospital (Research & Referral) · Command Hospital (Air Force) · India

How well people saw afterwards

20/20 vision or better without glassesNot reported
Within half a diopter of the targetNot reported
Within one diopter of the targetNot reported

Side effects and related measurements

Not reported: dry eye, halos, glare, starbursts, keratitis, ectasia.

Who the study enrolled: Patients undergoing SMILE at a tertiary Armed Forces hospital from January through December 2019.
Read the publication
Eyes
93
Follow-up
12 months
Location
Not reported

How well people saw afterwards

20/20 vision or better without glassesNot reported
Within half a diopter of the target53.0%
37 eyes assessed · at 12 months · source-reported · Source
Within one diopter of the targetNot reported

Side effects and related measurements

Not reported: dry eye, halos, glare, starbursts, keratitis, ectasia.

Eyes
70
Follow-up
3 months, 12 months
Location
Singapore

How well people saw afterwards

20/20 vision or better without glasses85.0%
70 eyes assessed · at 12 months · source-reported · Source
Within half a diopter of the targetNot reported
Within one diopter of the target99.0%
70 eyes assessed · at 12 months · source-reported · Source

Side effects and related measurements

Not reported: dry eye, halos, glare, starbursts, keratitis, ectasia.

Who the study enrolled: Myopia or myopic astigmatism eligible for paired-eye refractive surgery.
Read the publication
Eyes
50
Follow-up
1 day, 3 months
Location
India

How well people saw afterwards

20/20 vision or better without glasses84.0%
42 of 50 eyes · at 3 months · source-reported · Source · Abstract — Results
Within half a diopter of the targetNot reported
Within one diopter of the targetNot reported

Side effects and related measurements

Not reported: dry eye, halos, glare, starbursts, keratitis, ectasia.

Who the study enrolled: Patients with myopia or myopic astigmatism randomized to SMILE.
Read the publication
Eyes
47
Follow-up
1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months
Location
China

How well people saw afterwards

20/20 vision or better without glassesNot reported
Within half a diopter of the targetNot reported
Within one diopter of the targetNot reported

Side effects and related measurements

Tear breakup time9.83 seconds
47 patients assessed
Reported at/by 12 months
Source · Table 3
Salisbury Eye Evaluation Questionnaire dry-eye score0.04 score
47 patients assessed
Reported at/by 12 months
Source · Table 4

Not reported: dry eye, halos, glare, starbursts, keratitis, ectasia.

Who the study enrolled: High-myopia patients undergoing SMILE in the published cohort.
Read the publication
Eyes
38
Follow-up
1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months
Location
China

How well people saw afterwards

20/20 vision or better without glassesNot reported
Within half a diopter of the targetNot reported
Within one diopter of the targetNot reported

Side effects and related measurements

Ocular Surface Disease Index8.47 score
36 patients assessed
Reported at/by 6 months
Source · Table 3
Tear breakup time7.06 seconds
36 patients assessed
Reported at/by 6 months
Source · Table 3
Schirmer I test without anesthesia13.28 mm
36 patients assessed
Reported at/by 6 months
Source · Table 3

Not reported: dry eye, halos, glare, starbursts, keratitis, ectasia.

Who the study enrolled: Patients undergoing SMILE for myopia in the published prospective cohort.
Read the publication
Eyes
36
Follow-up
2 years
Location
China

How well people saw afterwards

20/20 vision or better without glassesNot reported
Within half a diopter of the target94.4%
34 of 36 eyes · at 2 years · source-reported · Source
Within one diopter of the targetNot reported

Side effects and related measurements

Not reported: dry eye, halos, glare, starbursts, keratitis, ectasia.