Chronic dry eye in photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis: Manifestations, incidence, and predictive factors

Evidence database / Studies / bower-2015-chronic-dry-eye-prk-lasik

—enrolled patients*

—enrolled eyes*

2structured arms

365maximum standardized days follow-up

* Descriptive sum of reported arm counts. “≥” indicates that one or more arm counts were not reported; missing values are not treated as zero.

Study arm

PRK cohort

PRK

Population

Patients: Not reported
Eyes: Not reported
Bilateral treatment: Not reported
Age range: Not reported
Sphere range: Not reported
Cylinder range: Not reported
Spherical equivalent: Not reported
Corneal thickness: Not reported

Eligibility definition

Inclusion
Active-duty U.S. Army personnel receiving PRK within the 143-participant study.

Exclusion
Not structured

Reported outcomes by follow-up

Outcome	Follow-up	Follow-up sample	Result	Reported fraction	Provenance
Chronic dry-eye incidence symptoms	12 months	—	5.0%	Not reported	VERIFIED Source · Abstract — Results

Complications

No structured complication observations are available for this arm. This means “not reported in this dataset,” not zero complications.

Study arm

LASIK cohort

LASIK

Population

Patients: Not reported
Eyes: Not reported
Bilateral treatment: Not reported
Age range: Not reported
Sphere range: Not reported
Cylinder range: Not reported
Spherical equivalent: Not reported
Corneal thickness: Not reported

Eligibility definition

Inclusion
Active-duty U.S. Army personnel receiving LASIK within the 143-participant study.

Exclusion
Not structured

Reported outcomes by follow-up

Outcome	Follow-up	Follow-up sample	Result	Reported fraction	Provenance
Chronic dry-eye incidence symptoms	12 months	—	0.80%	Not reported	VERIFIED Source · Abstract — Results

Complications

No structured complication observations are available for this arm. This means “not reported in this dataset,” not zero complications.

Study design

Prospective non-randomized clinical study

Country: United States
Publication-reported places: Not reported
Multicenter: No
Prospective: Yes
Randomized: No
Source type: PROSPECTIVE COHORT
Regulator: Not reported

Place metadata may refer to a treatment site, institution or author affiliation. Confirm its role in the linked publication.

Limitations and notes

Incidence values are those reported in the PubMed abstract; arm denominators were not stated there and are not inferred.

Missing fields are not interpreted as negative findings. Arm counts may not be additive in all study designs.

Study evidence level
A simple, non-GRADE hierarchy based on design: randomized and large regulatory trials are high; prospective cohorts moderate; retrospective observational studies low. Manual review can override this label.